MOVEMENT OF ART

1.Gothic Art(5th Century to 16th Century A.D.)

Gothic Art is the style of art produced in Northern Europe from the middle ages up until the beginning of the Renaissance. Typically rooted in religious devotion, it is especially known for the distinctive arched design of its churches, its stained glass, and its illuminated manuscripts.

In the late 14th century, anticipating the Renaissance, Gothic Art developed into a more secular style known as International Gothic. One of the great artists of this period is Simone Martini.

Although superseded by Renaissance art, there was a Gothic Revival in the 18th and 19th centuries, largely rooted in nostalgia and romanticism.

Title:Français : Frontispice du Virgile

         Italiano: Frontespizio per il codice di Virgilio

Artist: Simone Martini

Year: 1940

Dimension:29.5 x 20 cm

Title: Saint Catherine of Alexandria Polyptych

Artist:Simone Martini

Year:1320

Medium:Tempera and gold on panel

Dimension:95 x 339 cm

2.The High Renaissance (Centered in Italy, Early 16th Century)

The High Renaissance was the culmination of the artistic developments of the Early Renaissance, and one of the great explosions of creative genius in history. It is notable for three of the greatest artists in history: Michelangelo Buonarroti, Raphael Sanzio and Leonardo da Vinci. Also active at this time were such masters as Giorgione, Titian and Giovanni Bellini. By about the 1520s, High Renaissance art had become exaggerated into the style known as Mannerism.

Title:Monalisa
Artist: Leodarno Da Vincci
Year:c. 1503–1506, perhaps continuing until c. 1517
Medium:Oil on poplar
Dimensions:77 cm × 53 cm (30 in × 21 in)

Title:Last Supper

Artist:Leodarno Da Vincci

Year:1495-1498

Medium:tempera on gesso, pitch and mastic

3.The Baroque Era(Europe, 17th Century)

Baroque Art developed in Europe around 1600, as an reaction against the intricate and formulaic Mannerism that dominated the Late Renaissance. Baroque art is less complex, more realistic and more emotionally affecting than Mannerist art.
This movement was encouraged by the Catholic Church, the most important patron of the arts at that time, being seen as a return to tradition and spirituality.
One of the great periods of art history, Baroque Art was developed by Caravaggio,Gianlorenzo Bernini and Annibale Carracci, among others. This was also the age of Rubens, Rembrandt, Vermeer and Velázquez.In the 18th century, Baroque Art was replaced by the more elegant and elaborate Rococo art style.

Title:Saints Andrew and Thomas

Artist:Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Year:before 1627

Title: Boy with a basket of fruit

Artist: Caravaggio

Date:circa 1593

Medium:oil on canvas

Dimensions:70 × 67 cm

4.Realism(Mid-19th Century)

Realism is an approach to art in which subjects are depicted in as straightforward a manner as possible, without idealizing them and without following rules of formal artistic theory.  The earliest Realist work began to appear in the 18th century, in a reaction to the excesses of Romanticism and Neoclassicism. This is evident in John Singleton Copley's paintings, and some of the works of Goya. But the great Realist era was the middle of the 19th century, as artists became disillusioned with the artifice of the Salons and the influence of the Academies.
Realism came closest to being an organized movement in France, inspiring artists such as Camille Corot, Jean-Francois Millet and theBarbizon School of landscape painters.  Besides Copley, American Realists included the painters Thomas Eakins, and Henry Ossawa Tanner, both of whom studied in France.
French Realism was a guiding influence on the philosophy of the Impressionists. The Ashcan School artists, the American Scene painters, and, much later, on the Contemporary Realists are all following the American Realist tradition.

Title: The Third Class Carriage

Artist:Honore Daumier

Date :ca. 1862–64

Medium:oil on canvas

English: Oil on canvas

Dimensions:Height: 654 mm (25.75 in). Width: 902 mm (35.51 in).

Title: The Theater Box

Artist:Pierre Auguste Renior

Date :1874

Medium:oil on canvas

Dimensions:127 × 92 cm (50 × 36.2 in)

5.Impressionism(Centered in France, 1860's to 1880's)

Impressionism is a light, spontaneous manner of painting which began in France as a reaction against the restrictions and conventions of the dominant Academic art. Its naturalistic and down-to-earth treatment of its subject matter, most commonly landscapes, has its roots in the French Realism of Camille Corot and others.

The movement's name was derived from Monet's early work, Impression: Sunrise, which was singled out for criticism by Louis Leroy upon its exhibition.

The hallmark of the style is the attempt to capture the subjective impression of light in a scene.

The core of the earliest Impressionist group was made up of Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley and Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Others associated with this period were Camille Pissarro, Frederic Bazille, Edgar Degas, Gustave Caillebotte, Edouard Manet, and the American Mary Cassatt.

The Impressionist style was probably the single most successful and identifiable "movement" ever, and is still widely practiced today. But as an intellectual school it faded towards the end of the 19th century, branching out into a variety of successive movements which are generally grouped under the term Post-Impressionism.

Title: Sunset

Artist:Claude Monet

Year:1872

Medium:Oil on canvas

Dimension:48 x 63 cm

6.Post-Impressionism (France, 1880's to 1900)

Post-Impressionism is an umbrella term that encompasses a variety of artists who were influenced by Impressionism but took their art in other directions.
There is no single well-defined style of Post-Impressionism, but in general it is less idyllic and more emotionally charged than Impressionist work.
The classic Post-Impressionists are Paul Gauguin, Paul Cezanne, Vincent van Gogh, Henri Rousseau and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. ThePointillists and Les Nabis are also generally included among the Post-Impressionists.

Title: The Starry Night

Artist:Vincent Van Gogh

Year:1889

Medium:oil on canvas

Dimensions:73.7 cm × 92.1 cm (29 in × 36 1⁄4 in)

Title: Still Life With a Curtain

Artist:Paul Cezzane

Year:circa 1898

Medium:oil on canvas

Dimension:55 x 74.5 cm

7.Expressionism(Centered in Germany, C.1905 to 1940's)

Expressionism is a style in which the intention is not to reproduce a subject accurately, but instead to portray it in such a way as to express the inner state of the artist. The movement is especially associated with Germany, and was influenced by such emotionally-charged styles asSymbolism, Fauvism, and Cubism.
There are several different and somewhat overlapping groups of Expressionist artists, including Der Blaue Reiter ("The Blue Rider"), Die Brücke ("The Bridge"), Die Neue Sachlichkeit ("The New Objectivity") and the Bauhaus School.
Leading Expressionists included Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, George Grosz and Amadeo Modigliani.
In the mid-20th century, Abstract Expressionism (in which there is no subject at all, but instead pure abstract form) developed into an extremely influential style in the United States.

Title:The Scream

Artist:Edvard Munch

Year:1893

Medium:Oil, tempera, and pastel on cardboard

Dimensions:91 cm × 73.5 cm (36 in × 28.9 in)

Title:Nollendorfplatz

Artist:Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

Date:1912

Medium:Oil on canvas

Dimension:69 x 60 cm

8.Cubism(Europe, 1908-1920)

Cubism was developed between about 1908 and 1912 in a collaboration between Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso. Their main influences are said to have been Tribal Art (although Braque later disputed this) and the work of Paul Cezanne. The movement itself was not long-lived or widespread, but it began an immense creative explosion which resonated through all of 20th century art.
The key concept underlying Cubism is that the essence of an object can only be captured by showing it from multiple points of view simultaneously.
Cubism had run its course by the end of World War I, but among the movements directly influenced by it were Orphism, Precisionism,Futurism, Purism, Constructivism, and, to some degree, Expressionism.

Title: Man with a guitar

Artist: Georges Braque

Year:1911-1912

Medium:Oil on canvas

Dimension: 116.2 x 80.9 cm

Title:Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler

Artist:Pablo Picasso

Year:1910

Medium: Oil on canvas

Diemsion:100.5 x 73 cm

 

9.Surrealism(Europe, 1924 to 1950's)

Surrealism is a style in which fantastical visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the work logically comprehensible. Founded by Andre Breton in 1924, it was a primarily European movement that attracted many members of the chaotic Dadamovement. It was similar in some elements to the mystical 19th-century Symbolist movement, but was deeply influenced by the psychoanalytic work of Freud and Jung.
The Surrealist circle was made up of many of the great artists of the 20th century, including Max Ernst, Giorgio de Chirico, Jean Arp, Man Ray,Joan Miro, and Rene Magritte. Salvador Dali, probably the single best-known Surrealist artist, broke with the group due to his right-wing politics (during this period leftism was the fashion among Surrealists, and in fact in almost all intellectual circles).
The Magic Realists were American artists somewhat influenced by the Surrealists.

Title:The Persistance of Memory

Artist:Salvador Dali

Year:1931

Medium:Oil on canvas

Diemsion:24 x 33 cm

Title: Abstract Composition

Artist:Jean(Hans) Arp

Year:1951

Medium:Watercolor, gouache and pencil on paper 

Dimension:27 x 19 cm

10.Abstract Expressionism(Centered in New York City, 1946 to 1960's)

Abstract Expressionism is a type of art in which the artist expresses himself purely through the use of form and color. It non-representational, or non-objective, art, which means that there are no actual objects represented.  Now considered to be the first American artistic movement of international importance, the term was originally used to describe the work of Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock and Arshile Gorky.
The movement can be more or less divided into two groups: Action Painting, typified by artists such as Pollock, de Kooning, Franz Kline, and Philip Guston, stressed the physical action involved in painting; Color Field Painting, practiced by Mark Rothko and Kenneth Noland, among others, was primarily concerned with exploring the effects of pure color on a canvas.

Title:Woman III

Artist:Willem de Kooning

Year:1953

Medium:Oil on canvas

Dimension:172.7 x 123.2 cm

Title: No.5

Artist:Jackson Pollock

Year:1948

Medium:Oil on Fiberboard

Dimension: 2.4 x 1.2 m

11.Pop Art(1950's to 1960's)

Pop Art is a style of art which explores the everyday imagery that is so much a part of contemporary consumer culture. Common sources of imagery include advertisements, consumer product packaging, celebrity photographs, and comic strips.
Leading Pop artists include Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg, and Roy Lichtenstein.

Title:Marilyn

Artist:Andy Warhol

Year:1967

Medium:Screen print on paper

Dimension:910 x 910 mm

Title:Whaam

Artist:Roy Lichtenstein

Year:1963

Medium:Magna Arcylic and oil on canvas

Dimension:170 x 400 cm